Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

With an increased knowledge of the mechanism action Fusarium mycotoxins, concept that these substances are deleterious only for monogastric species is obsolete. Indeed, most mycotoxins can be converted into less toxic compounds by rumen microflora from healthy animals. However, mycotoxin absorption and its conversion to more metabolites, as well their impact on immune response subsequently animal welfare, reproductive function, milk quality during chronic exposure should not neglected. Among studied deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins B class (FBs). It remarkable there a paucity in vivo research, with low number studies nutrient digestibility function. Most vitro related function or restricted incubation. When evaluating production performance, yield used evaluated parameter, but cheese often overlooked. In present review, we summarize recent findings regarding adverse effects special attention dairy cattle.